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What is a urinary tract infection?

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur when bacteria or other infectious organisms invade the urethra, bladder, ureters, or kidneys. An infection in any part of the urinary tract can cause a frequent and urgent need to urinate, burning or painful urination, and blood in the urine. UTIs are more common in women than in men.

The most common cause of UTIs is a bacterium called E. coli, which is usually found in the intestines. E. coli bacteria can enter the urinary tract in many different ways, including sexual intercourse, wiping from back to front after using the toilet, and poor hygiene.

Doctors can diagnose UTIs based on your symptoms and a urine test.

Prescription antibiotics can cure UTIs. Early treatment prevents the bacteria from spreading to the kidneys, causing a more serious infection. Some people use cranberry juice or cranberry supplements such as >AZO, to help prevent and treat UTIs. Studies suggest that cranberry may work by making the urine more acid, which keeps bacteria from sticking to the inside of the urinary tract. More studies are needed to prove the effectiveness of cranberry for treating or preventing UTIs. Over-the-counter products can't cure UTIs. But they can reduce the pain and burning until you can see your doctor.

Get prompt medical attention when you suspect you have a UTI. And always drink plenty of water to help prevent infection by cleansing the urinary tract.

Sources:
Foster, S., V.E. Tyler.Tyler's Honest Herbal: A Sensible Guide to the Use of Herbs and Related Products. The Haworth Press, 1999.
The Merck Manual of Medical Information: Home Edition. Merck & Co., 1997.
Swartzberg, J. E., S. Margen. The UC Berkeley Wellness Self-Care Handbook. Rebus Inc. 1998.
Urinary Tract Infection in Adults. National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/urolog/pubs/utiadult/utiadult.htm. Last accessed 7/25/01.

This answer prepared 7/25/01.